SAML2 综述

答疑解惑 常见 FAQ
#1

安全断言标记语言（英语：Security Assertion Markup Language，简称SAML，发音 sam-el）是一个基于 XML 的开源标准数据格式，它在当事方之间交换身份验证和授权数据，尤其是在身份提供者和服务提供者之间交换。SAML2.0 可以实现基于网络跨域的单点登录（SSO）， 以便于减少向一个用户分发多个身份验证令牌的管理开销。

SAML 主体

在 SAML 协议中，涉及两个主体：

Service Provider 服务提供方，简称 SP。什么是服务提供方？例如：阿里云控制台、腾讯云控制台、AWS 控制台这些都是服务提供方。

Identity Provider 身份提供方，简称 IdP。什么是身份提供方？Authing 可以作为身份提供方，身份提供方能够向 SP 发送身份断言，所谓身份断言就是由 Authing 签发的，可以标识某个人身份的 Token，只不过，在 SAML 协议中，这个 Token 的格式是 XML 形式的。还有一些其他的身份提供方，例如 Okta、SSOCircle、Auth0，他们都可以向 SP 返回身份断言。

两个主体通过用户的浏览器进行信息交换。方式上，SP 可以返回带参数的重定向 HTTP 响应，让用户立刻通过参数将信息发给 IdP。而 IdP 会返回一个表单，同时还有一段立即提交表单的 JS 代码，从而让用户立刻将信息发给 SP。

总结一下，SP 提供服务，需要知道用户的身份，就需要向 IdP 询问。IdP 知道用户的身份，当用户在 IdP 登录成功，IdP 就将用户的身份以 SAML 断言的形式发给 SP。SP 信任 IdP 发来的身份断言，从而赋予该用户在 SP 的相关权限。

SAML Request

当用户的身份无法鉴定时，SP 会向 IdP 发送 SAML Request 信息（通过浏览器发送），请求 IdP 来鉴定用户身份。

由阿里云控制台发起一次 SAML Request 的形式是这样的：

GET https://core.authing.cn/v2/api/saml-idp/5e10927e4ecfd464fb4edaf6?SAMLRequest=fZJLT%2BMwFIX3%2FIrI%2B7yct9Wk6kyFQGJERQKL2RnnJnWV2Blfp2L%2BPaGlDLOApaV7vnN0jlfrl3FwjmBQalWS0AuIA0roVqq%2BJI%2FNtZuTdXW1Qj4OdGKb2e7VA%2FyZAa2zQQRjF91PrXAewdRgjlLA48NdSfbWTsh8H2WvpPL4IP%2FOyhN69N9Qfl3fE2e7UKTi9mR9EQhtwOOLz5LAE8o%2FUp9P8qRyZTv5CYRBQTOIQXRtnMbdcwwt71LiXGsj4JSwJB0fEIhzuy0Jp9AXgvaHgwzzPA%2FjfXagbRYlebeP%2BmI5wh1HlEf4J0Oc4Vah5cqWhAY0cIPCpXkTRiwoWJJ5eZH%2BJs7OaKuFHn5IdS5sNoppjhKZ4iMgs4LVm193jHoBez4fIbtpmp27u68b4jxdiqdvxS9TKGTnqr9nTe%2FGpDovw06JzWfC9wB%2B2Y5UXy8VRlmcpkWUpUlGY5p8TLfyP7tW78%2F%2Fv0f1Cg%3D%3D

SAMLRequest 参数通过 query 在 URL 中发送给 IdP，SAMLRequest 的内容如下：

fZJLT+MwFIX3/IrI+7yct9Wk6kyFQGJERQKL2RnnJnWV2Blfp2L+PaGlDLOApaV7vnN0jlfrl3FwjmBQalWS0AuIA0roVqq+JI/NtZuTdXW1Qj4OdGKb2e7VA/yZAa2zQQRjF91PrXAewdRgjlLA48NdSfbWTsh8H2WvpPL4IP/OyhN69N9Qfl3fE2e7UKTi9mR9EQhtwOOLz5LAE8o/Up9P8qRyZTv5CYRBQTOIQXRtnMbdcwwt71LiXGsj4JSwJB0fEIhzuy0Jp9AXgvaHgwzzPA/jfXagbRYlebeP+mI5wh1HlEf4J0Oc4Vah5cqWhAY0cIPCpXkTRiwoWJJ5eZH+Js7OaKuFHn5IdS5sNoppjhKZ4iMgs4LVm193jHoBez4fIbtpmp27u68b4jxdiqdvxS9TKGTnqr9nTe/GpDovw06JzWfC9wB+2Y5UXy8VRlmcpkWUpUlGY5p8TLfyP7tW78//v0f1Cg==

base64 decode + inflate 解码 (opens new window)后

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<saml2p:AuthnRequest AssertionConsumerServiceURL="https://signin.aliyun.com/saml/SSO" Destination="https://core.authing.cn/v2/api/saml-idp/5e10927e4ecfd464fb4edaf6" ForceAuthn="false" ID="a2eg9c2gjji188814h7j2d7358fh3g9" IsPassive="false" IssueInstant="2020-09-28T13:09:57.896Z" ProtocolBinding="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:HTTP-POST" Version="2.0"
	xmlns:saml2p="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol">
	<saml2:Issuer
		xmlns:saml2="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">https://signin.aliyun.com/1374669376572425/saml/SSO
	</saml2:Issuer>
</saml2p:AuthnRequest>

SAML Response

IdP 收到 SAML Request 后，会弹出登录框对用户身份进行认证：

SAML IdP 在跟用户确认身份
SAML IdP 在跟用户确认身份3104×1838 234 KB

当用户在 IdP 完成登录后，SAML IdP 将用户身份断言发送给 SP（放在表单中，通过浏览器 POST 请求发送）。SAML IdP 的响应内容如下：

<form id="saml-form" method="post" action="https://signin.aliyun.com/saml/SSO" autocomplete="off">
  <input
    type="hidden"
    name="SAMLResponse"
    id="saml-response"
    value="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"
  />
  <input
    type="hidden"
    name="RelayState"
    id="relay-state"
    value=""
  />
</form>
<script type="text/javascript">
  (function() {
    document.forms[0].submit();
  })();
</script>

没有什么神秘的，就是一个 HTML form 表单和一段立即提交该表单的 JS 代码。其中的 SAML Response 信息如下：

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

base64 decode + inflate 解码 (opens new window)后

<samlp:Response
	xmlns:samlp="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol"
	xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion" ID="_62b177c1-a919-42f6-9586-47f13b71081f" Version="2.0" IssueInstant="2020-09-28T13:30:31.788Z" Destination="https://signin.aliyun.com/saml/SSO" InResponseTo="a49f8edi31cj0a2a459g0331c3d9c10">
	<saml:Issuer>https://20nqulvoqpbp.authing.cn</saml:Issuer>
	<samlp:Status>
		<samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/>
	</samlp:Status>
	<saml:Assertion
		xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
		xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
		xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion" ID="_fae95b47-cbf3-4a20-add0-99d856b4124e" Version="2.0" IssueInstant="2020-09-28T13:30:31.788Z">
		<saml:Issuer>https://20nqulvoqpbp.authing.cn</saml:Issuer>
		<ds:Signature
			xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
			<ds:SignedInfo>
				<ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/>
				<ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"/>
				<ds:Reference URI="#_fae95b47-cbf3-4a20-add0-99d856b4124e">
					<ds:Transforms>
						<ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature"/>
						<ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/>
					</ds:Transforms>
					<ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/>
					<ds:DigestValue>/ol6lC1j+smdonl48+lJTzUeqnw=</ds:DigestValue>
				</ds:Reference>
			</ds:SignedInfo>
			<ds:SignatureValue>awzcE0dp8BzTW4b4PFaRX7NKOC95bLqOnPeAKI/CsDfGaJdmzCK0fVliz+e6XzBluKfBpQtrQonKl7k2vVNaPFx9PpSVzwK91HLGvYQ0qB36uA4HFvm/3M31DL3ZRFPRq68ZaVAG6lMVd0YbiInVv9FWwsi+6jEpF+PRlmkoqAI=</ds:SignatureValue>
			<ds:KeyInfo>
				<ds:X509Data>
					<ds:X509Certificate>MIICQjCCAaugAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0FADA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJ1czESMBAGA1UECAwJ5LqL5a6e5LiKMQwwCgYDVQQKDANzc3MxDTALBgNVBAMMBHNzc3MwHhcNMjAwMTAzMTMxODE0WhcNMjEwMTAyMTMxODE0WjA+MQswCQYDVQQGEwJ1czESMBAGA1UECAwJ5LqL5a6e5LiKMQwwCgYDVQQKDANzc3MxDTALBgNVBAMMBHNzc3MwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAMNWlMk4L+TcWwyd9plTPLhHL/UMCPGJgv5Vp8vaAp4WMsGtwOLI1UNWccIqMeU0KasJqrKxHYvq9JzZh4fftFmowBz36vz0eIUsP5PKvFULkC1vjrdn+QJXbJ51alZZKfPgl1HI8w6lh12aWTjaKQ+KemIttqLqJgLWOYAXPIszAgMBAAGjUDBOMB0GA1UdDgQWBBTT104hVYVnPpg7aFrDiXPShbtxUTAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBTT104hVYVnPpg7aFrDiXPShbtxUTAMBgNVHRMEBTADAQH/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBDQUAA4GBAB6+1xK7GMJa5M6Ujg/wd4Etwy8NdTF6ypSqN36Bd5OdPmwU9HzDuGjKi3ZwooPIGRB8piLsKk11M4IhAF4C2R/JsvVYwWOYgojW4H1hR5wk2jn7pltWqRPdfZBl0YfsDysUP7k8/MchOWX7WifNxpe3GdSKN17CkdRjL924bV0l</ds:X509Certificate>
				</ds:X509Data>
			</ds:KeyInfo>
		</ds:Signature>
		<saml:Subject>
			<saml:NameID Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:unspecified">yezuwei@authing.onaliyun.com</saml:NameID>
			<saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">
				<saml:SubjectConfirmationData NotOnOrAfter="2020-09-28T14:30:31.788Z" Recipient="https://signin.aliyun.com/saml/SSO" InResponseTo="a49f8edi31cj0a2a459g0331c3d9c10"/>
			</saml:SubjectConfirmation>
		</saml:Subject>
		<saml:Conditions NotBefore="2020-09-28T13:30:31.788Z" NotOnOrAfter="2020-09-28T14:30:31.788Z">
			<saml:AudienceRestriction>
				<saml:Audience>https://signin.aliyun.com/1374669376572425/saml/SSO</saml:Audience>
			</saml:AudienceRestriction>
		</saml:Conditions>
		<saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2020-09-28T13:30:31.888Z" SessionIndex="ooeumcq6eHjddr1H3Fyzou7Cs-OGTsNl">
			<saml:AuthnContext>
				<saml:AuthnContextClassRef>urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:unspecified</saml:AuthnContextClassRef>
			</saml:AuthnContext>
		</saml:AuthnStatement>
		<saml:AttributeStatement>
			<saml:Attribute Name="email" NameFormat="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:attrname-format:basic">
				<saml:AttributeValue
					xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
					xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="xs:string">yezuwei@authing.cn
				</saml:AttributeValue>
			</saml:Attribute>
			<saml:Attribute Name="name" NameFormat="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:attrname-format:basic">
				<saml:AttributeValue
					xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
					xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="xs:string"/>
				</saml:Attribute>
				<saml:Attribute Name="username" NameFormat="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:attrname-format:basic">
					<saml:AttributeValue
						xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
						xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="xs:string">yezuwei@authing.cn
					</saml:AttributeValue>
				</saml:Attribute>
				<saml:Attribute Name="phone" NameFormat="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:attrname-format:basic">
					<saml:AttributeValue
						xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
						xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="xs:string">null
					</saml:AttributeValue>
				</saml:Attribute>
			</saml:AttributeStatement>
		</saml:Assertion>
	</samlp:Response>

这段内容就是用户的身份断言，也就是用户的 Token，只不过这个 Token 通过 XML 格式传递。

读到这里，你可能会对 SP、IdP 如何处理这些冗长的 XML 信息感到困惑。Authing 会解决这些繁琐的处理，而你只需关注如何正确地配置 Authing IdP，与 SAML SP 进行通信。